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Argos Sourcing

Social & Inequality

18 World Bank indicators, compared across France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, United States, China. Each tile shows the annual series since 1960 and the latest known value for each country. Hover a chart to read a given year.

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Gini index

SI.POV.GINI

19632024

Latest known value by country

  • France31.82023
  • Germany33.72022
  • United Kingdom32.42021
  • Italy34.32023
  • Spain33.42023
  • Netherlands25.72021
  • United States41.82024
  • China362022

Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution.

Poverty < $2.15/day

SI.POV.DDAY · %

19632024

Latest known value by country

  • France0.1%2023
  • Germany0.7%2022
  • United Kingdom0.4%2021
  • Italy0.9%2023
  • Spain0.8%2023
  • Netherlands0.1%2021
  • United States1.1%2024
  • China0%2022

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.00 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power adjusted prices.

Poverty < $3.65/day

SI.POV.LMIC · %

19632024

Latest known value by country

  • France0.1%2023
  • Germany0.9%2022
  • United Kingdom0.5%2021
  • Italy1%2023
  • Spain1%2023
  • Netherlands0.1%2021
  • United States1.2%2024
  • China0.5%2022

Poverty headcount ratio at $4.20 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $4.20 a day at 2021 international prices.

Poverty < $6.85/day

SI.POV.UMIC · %

19632024

Latest known value by country

  • France0.3%2023
  • Germany1.6%2022
  • United Kingdom0.9%2021
  • Italy1.9%2023
  • Spain2.3%2023
  • Netherlands0.3%2021
  • United States1.8%2024
  • China21.3%2022

Poverty headcount ratio at $8.30 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $8.30 a day at 2021 international prices.

Top 10% income share

SI.DST.10TH.10 · %

19632024

Latest known value by country

  • France25%2023
  • Germany26.2%2022
  • United Kingdom25%2021
  • Italy25.8%2023
  • Spain24.5%2023
  • Netherlands21.4%2021
  • United States30.7%2024
  • China28.4%2022

Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.

Bottom 20% income share

SI.DST.FRST.20 · %

19632024

Latest known value by country

  • France7.7%2023
  • Germany6.9%2022
  • United Kingdom7.6%2021
  • Italy6.6%2023
  • Spain6.5%2023
  • Netherlands9.4%2021
  • United States5.1%2024
  • China7.3%2022

Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.

Bottom 40% income growth

SI.SPR.PC40.ZG · %

20212024

Latest known value by country

  • France-0.76%2023
  • Germany0.16%2022
  • United Kingdom0.86%2021
  • Italy1.54%2023
  • Spain2.58%2023
  • Netherlands2.86%2021
  • United States0.3%2024
  • China7.21%2021

The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a...

Vulnerable employment

SL.EMP.VULN.ZS · %

19912025

Latest known value by country

  • France8.5%2025
  • Germany4.34%2025
  • United Kingdom11.53%2025
  • Italy14.35%2025
  • Spain10.07%2025
  • Netherlands13.42%2025
  • United States3.81%2025
  • China33.4%2025

Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.

Self-employment

SL.EMP.SELF.ZS · %

19912025

Latest known value by country

  • France13.28%2025
  • Germany8.15%2025
  • United Kingdom13.15%2025
  • Italy21.12%2025
  • Spain14.54%2025
  • Netherlands16.79%2025
  • United States6.07%2025
  • China37.67%2025

Self-employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs." i.e.

NEET (15-24 years)

SL.UEM.NEET.ZS · %

19832025

Latest known value by country

  • France12.57%2024
  • Germany7.58%2024
  • United Kingdom14.4%2025
  • Italy11.96%2024
  • Spain10.5%2025
  • Netherlands4.14%2024
  • United States11.59%2025
  • China12.69%2000

The share of youth not in education, employment or training (also known as “the NEET rate”) conveys the number of young persons not in education, employment or training as a percentage of the total youth population.

Female/male activity ratio

SL.TLF.CACT.FM.ZS · %

19902025

Latest known value by country

  • France86.45%2025
  • Germany83.7%2025
  • United Kingdom87.4%2025
  • Italy70%2025
  • Spain84.89%2025
  • Netherlands87.23%2025
  • United States84.02%2025
  • China84.68%2025

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

Birth registration

SP.REG.BRTH.ZS · %

20092022

Latest known value by country

  • France100%2022
  • Germany100%2020
  • United Kingdom100%2022
  • Italy100%2022
  • Spain100%2022
  • Netherlands100%2022
  • United States100%2022

Completeness of birth registration is the percentage of children under age 5 whose births were registered at the time of the survey.

Female activity rate

SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS · %

19902025

Latest known value by country

  • France51.48%2025
  • Germany55.29%2025
  • United Kingdom57.33%2025
  • Italy40.81%2025
  • Spain52.83%2025
  • Netherlands62.71%2025
  • United States56.34%2025
  • China59.15%2025

The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population ages 15 and older.

Male activity rate

SL.TLF.CACT.MA.ZS · %

19902025

Latest known value by country

  • France59.55%2025
  • Germany66.05%2025
  • United Kingdom65.6%2025
  • Italy58.3%2025
  • Spain62.23%2025
  • Netherlands71.89%2025
  • United States67.06%2025
  • China69.85%2025

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

Female unemployment

SL.UEM.TOTL.FE.ZS · %

19912025

Latest known value by country

  • France7.54%2025
  • Germany3.41%2025
  • United Kingdom4.41%2025
  • Italy7.32%2025
  • Spain11.94%2025
  • Netherlands4.08%2025
  • United States4.18%2025
  • China4.01%2025

Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.

Youth unemployment

SL.UEM.1524.ZS · %

19912025

Latest known value by country

  • France18.89%2025
  • Germany6.86%2025
  • United Kingdom14.65%2025
  • Italy20.55%2025
  • Spain24.75%2025
  • Netherlands8.83%2025
  • United States9.34%2025
  • China15.8%2025

Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment.

Wage employment

SL.EMP.WORK.ZS · %

19912025

Latest known value by country

  • France86.72%2025
  • Germany91.85%2025
  • United Kingdom86.85%2025
  • Italy78.88%2025
  • Spain85.46%2025
  • Netherlands83.21%2025
  • United States93.93%2025
  • China62.33%2025

Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a...

Poverty (national line)

SI.POV.NAHC · %

20002022

Latest known value by country

  • France15.6%2021
  • Germany14.8%2021
  • United Kingdom18.6%2017
  • Italy20.1%2021
  • Spain20.2%2022
  • Netherlands14.5%2021
  • China0%2020

National poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line(s).

Source: Banque mondiale, World Bank Open Data, data.worldbank.org. Annual data, fetched server side and cached for 24 hours.